Exposure Biomarkers and Histopathological Analysis in Pig Liver After Exposure to Mycotoxins Under Field Conditions: Special Report on Fumonisin B1.

Liver samples from finisher pigs were collected at the slaughterhouses for the analysis of zearalenone (ZEA), alfa-/beta-zearalenone (α-ZE, ß-ZE), zearalanone (ZA), alfa-/beta-ZA (α-ZA, ß-ZA), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin M1, fumonisin B1 (FB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and ochratoxin B, deoxynivalenol and deepoxi-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1). For the analysis liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole coupled with mass spectrometry was applied. Liver samples with detected FB1 were further histopathologically evaluated after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Various levels of liver mycotoxins were detected in all farms. Pig livers with 2.91-8.30 µg/kg of FB1 were detected in three farms, estimate of 850-2400 µg/kg of FB1 intake, whereas 0.54 µg/kg of OTA was detected in one farm, estimate of 75 µg/kg of OTA intake. Moreover, pig livers with 0.30 µg/kg of ZEA, 1.87 µg/kg of α-ZE, and 0.63 µg/kg of ß-ZE were detected in one farm, estimate with of 300 µg/kg of ZEA intake. The histopathological analysis revealed that the lesions' grading and necrosis grading were analogously increased when FB1 concentration increased from 2.91 to 4.36-8.30 µg/kg. The severity of megalocytosis was analogously increased with FB1 detection levels and particularly in levels of 4.36-8.3 µg/kg. However, the increased FB1 detection levels did not show analogous behavior with the severity of hepatic cell vacuolization. Results showed that FB1 remained the most critical risk factor in the Greek pig industry, whereas ZEA and AFB1 were also prevalent. The OTA contamination in pig farms raised a high risk for animal and human health.

Anoscopia de alta resolución en la identificación de lesiones anales inaparentes / High resolution anoscopy for the identification of non-apparent anal lesions

Introducción: En los últimos años, la aplicación de métodos de diagnóstico tales como el PAP anal y la Anoscopia de Alta Resolución (AAR) en población de alto riesgo permite una pesquisa diagnóstica temprana del cáncer invasor del conducto anal abriendo las puertas a la posibilidad curativa. El objetivo del siguiente estudio es presentar dos casos clínicos con neoplasia intraepitelial anal (NIA) hallados en la pieza de anatomía patología poshemorroidectomía en los que se utilizó la AAR para dirigir la conducta a seguir. Material y método: En el “H.I.G.A. Prof. Dr. Luis Güemes”, Haedo, provincia de Buenos Aires, en el período comprendido entre el 01/01/08 al 06/06/09, fueron halladas en la pieza de hemorroidectomía dos NIA. Ninguno de estos dos pacientes presentaba factores de riesgo para carcinoma de ano previo a la cirugía hemorroidal. A ambos pacientes se les realizó AAR con el objetivo de reconocer la extensión de las lesiones para su completa resección. Resultados: La visualización de la localización y extensión de la lesión a través de la AAR, permitió la correcta elección del área de resección y márgenes de seguridad oncológicos adecuados. Conclusiones: La AAR tiene la ventaja de ser utilizada como localizador de lesiones no visibles por otro método, luego del hallazgo de atipias o lesiones premalignas mucosas; es por ello que el entrenamiento en el método resulta indispensable como complemento diagnóstico.

Introduction: Recently, the use of diagnostic methods such us anal cytolgy and high resolution anoscopy (HRA) in high risk population allows an early diagnosis of invasive anal cancer which increases chances of cure. The objective of the following study is to present two cases with anal intraepithelial neoplasia found in pathologie specimen where high resolution anoscopy was used to guide the next course of action. Patients and methods: In H.I.G.A. Prof. Dr. L. Güemes, Haedo Bs. As. Province, between 01/01/08 and 06/06/09, one anal intraepithelial neoplasia and one invasive anal cancer were found in the hemorrhoidectomy piece. Neither of these two patients showed risk factors for anal cancer previous to hemorrhoid surgery. Both patients were treated with HRA with the purpose of recognizing the extent of the injuries to be fully resected. Result: Spotting the localization and extension of the injuries through HRA enabled the physician to choose margins. Conclusions: The HRA has the advantage to be used as a localizer of lesions that can't be seen otherwise, as from the finding of atypia or premalignant mucosal lesion. That is the reason why the training in these methods is essential as a complementary test.